GTrusted
The Sandstrom 18W PD AC Charger can be useful for keeping your Apple iPhone or iPad charged. The single USB Type-C output port on the charger supports USB Power Delivery technology to offer fast charging up to 18W for recent Apple iPhone's and iPad's that can use USB Power Delivery like the Apple iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max, iPhone XR, iPhone X, 10.5-inch iPad Pro and 12.9-inch iPad Pro over the Lightning connector or even the Apple 11-inch iPad Pro (2018) over USB Type-C.
The Sandstrom 18W PD AC Charger ships with its own 1 m USB Type-C to Lightning cable and states on its box to support the common USB Power Delivery profiles of 15 watts (5 volts @ 3 amps), 18 watts (9 volts @ 2 amps) and 18 watts (12 volts @ 1.5 amps) for charging out.
To observe the power capabilities of the Sandstrom 18W PD AC Charger, we used the USB Power Test App from Granite River Labs with the Granite River Labs USB Power Delivery Compliance C2 Tester to generate the following test results.
The USB Power Test App first negotiates a power contract for every PDO supported by the Sandstrom charger, and increases the load gradually to find the threshold where over current protection (OCP) kicks in and voltage and current start to drop for safety reasons.
The USB Power Test App reports out all the PDO's supported by the Sandstrom charger and their OCP thresholds. Note the PDO's listed are also showing Augmented PDO's (APDO's) even though the charger's box and casing only state fixed PDO's, and also this charger caters for Apple devices which do not support APDO's. OCP thresholds for the APDO's are also very low for both PDO #4 and PDO #5.
| PDO | OCP |
|---|---|
| PDO#1 Fixed: 5V 3A | 3.56 |
| PDO#2 Fixed: 9V 2A | 2.37 |
| PDO#3 Fixed: 12V 1.5A | 1.73 |
| PDO#4 PPS: (3.3~5.9)V 3A | 2.63 |
| PDO#5 PPS: (3.3~11)V 2A | 2.02 |
The USB Power Test App takes this data to produce an I-V curve which graphically shows the relationship between voltage and current for each PDO. Interestingly, unlike other chargers that support PPS (Programmable Power Supply), no current fold-back behavior is observed for all the PDO's except for PDO #5. We can see the voltage immediately shuts off once the current crosses the OCP threshold rather than curving down.
The USB Power Test App can also use the Granite River Labs USB Power Delivery Compliance C2 Tester integrated with the GW Instek APS-7100 programmable AC power supply to compare the charger's power output vs power input so that power efficiency can be measured and compared to regulatory limits from United States of Energy (DOE) Level VI or European Union's CoC Tier 2 requirements. We can repeat the power efficiency tests for different PDO's, current load conditions, and different AC input ranges, allowing us to get a complete picture of power efficiency ranges across all different usage scenarios.
Using the USB Power Test App and FLIR thermal imaging tools, we measured the heat emitted by the Sandstrom charger as seen in the following temperature graph for the highest 12V, 1.5A fixed PDO, which recorded max temperature of around 62.2 degree Celsius.
Using the USB Power Delivery Compliance C2 Tester from Granite River Labs to run just a subset of the full USB Power Delivery compliance test suite, we can confirm that the Sandstrom charger supports the following fixed PDO's- 15 watts (5 volts @ 3 amps), 18 watts (9 volts @ 2 amps) and 18 watts (12 volts @ 1.5 amps) as well as APDO's of 3.3~5.9 volts @ 3 amps and 3.3~11 volts @ 2 amps. Note some compliance failures were also observed for this charger.
Source Capabilities
Parameter
|
GetCapabilities
|
|---|---|
Src_PDO_Supply_Type #1
|
Fixed
|
Src_PDO_Voltage #1
|
5000
|
Src_PDO_Max_Current #1
|
3000
|
Src_PDO_Supply_Type #2
|
Fixed
|
Src_PDO_Voltage #2
|
9000
|
Src_PDO_Max_Current #2
|
2000
|
Src_PDO_Supply_Type #3
|
Fixed
|
Src_PDO_Voltage #3
|
12000
|
Src_PDO_Max_Current #3
|
1500
|
Src_PDO_Supply_Type #4
|
Augmented_PDO
|
Src_PDO_Max_Voltage #4
|
5900
|
Src_PDO_Min_Voltage #4
|
3300
|
Src_PDO_Max_Current #4
|
3000
|
Src_PDO_Supply_Type #5
|
Augmented_PDO
|
Src_PDO_Max_Voltage #5
|
11000
|
Src_PDO_Min_Voltage #5
|
3300
|
Src_PDO_Max_Current #5
|
2000
|
Power Delivery 3.0 Tests- Result Summary
Sl No
|
Test ID
|
Test Name
|
Test Result
|
|---|---|---|---|
1
|
TD.PD.LL3.E1
|
TD.PD.LL3.E1 GoodCRC Specification Revision compatibility
|
PASS
|
2
|
TD.PD.LL3.E2
|
TD.PD.LL3.E2 Retransmission
|
PASS
|
4
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E1
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E1 Source Capability Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
5
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E2
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E2 Accept Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
6
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E3
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E3 PSRDY Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
7
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E4
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E4 Specification Revision Check after Contract
|
PASS
|
8
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E5
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E5 Source Capabilities Extended sent timely
|
PASS
|
9
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E6
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E6 Source Capabilities Extended Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
10
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E7
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E7 Battery Status sent Timely
|
PASS
|
11
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E8
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E8 Battery Status Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
12
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E9
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E9 Battery Status Fields Checks Invalid Battery reference
|
PASS
|
13
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E10
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E10 Unrecognized Message Received in Ready State
|
PASS
|
14
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E11
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E11 Get Status Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
15
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E12
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E12 Get Battery Status Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
16
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E13
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E13 Status sent timely
|
PASS
|
17
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E14
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E14 Status Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
18
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E15
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E15 Battery Capabilities sent timely
|
PASS
|
19
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E16
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E16 Battery Capabilities Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
20
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E17
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E17 Battery Capabilities Fields Checks Invalid Battery Reference
|
PASS
|
21
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E18
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E18 Manufacturer Info Sent Timely
|
PASS
|
22
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E19
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E19 Manufacturer Info Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
23
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E20
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E20 Manufacturer Info Fields Checks Invalid Manufacturer Info Target
|
PASS
|
24
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E21
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E21 Manufacturer Info Fields Checks Invalid Manufacturer Info Ref
|
PASS
|
27
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E24
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E24 Unexpected Message Received in Ready State
|
PASS
|
28
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E25
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E25 Receiving chunked extended message
|
PASS
|
29
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E26
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E26 Soft Reset sent regardless of Rp value
|
PASS
|
30
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E27
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E27 PPS Status Sent Timely
|
PASS
|
31
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E28
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E28 PPS Status Fields Check
|
PASS
|
32
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E29
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E29 SourcePPSCommTimer Deadline
|
PASS
|
33
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E30
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E30 SourcePPSCommTimer Timeout
|
PASS
|
34
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E31
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E31 SourcePPSCommTimer Stopped
|
PASS
|
36
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E33
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E33 Country Codes Sent Timely
|
PASS
|
37
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E34
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E34 Country Codes Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
38
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E35
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E35 Country Info Sent Timely
|
PASS
|
39
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E36
|
TD.PD.SRC3.E36 Country Info Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
40
|
TD.PD.VDM3.E1
|
TD.PD.VDM3.E1 Fields Checks Discover Identity
|
PASS
|
42
|
TD.PD.VNDI3.E3
|
TD.PD.VNDI3.E3 VDM Identity
|
FAIL
|
45
|
TD.PD.VNDI3.E6
|
TD.PD.VNDI3.E6 Unchunked Extended Messages Supported
|
FAIL
|
46
|
TD.PD.VNDI3.E7
|
TD.PD.VNDI3.E7 Security Msgs Supported
|
FAIL
|
PD2 Deterministic Tests- Result Summary
Sl No
|
Test ID
|
Test Name
|
Test Result
|
|---|---|---|---|
1
|
TD.PD.LL.E1
|
TD.PD.LL.E1 GoodCrc Timing
|
PASS
|
2
|
TD.PD.LL.E2
|
TD.PD.LL.E2 Retransmission
|
PASS
|
3
|
TD.PD.LL.E3
|
TD.PD.LL.E3 Soft Reset Usage
|
PASS
|
4
|
TD.PD.LL.E4
|
TD.PD.LL.E4 Hard Reset Usage
|
PASS
|
5
|
TD.PD.LL.E5
|
TD.PD.LL.E5 Soft Reset
|
PASS
|
6
|
TD.PD.SRC.E1
|
TD.PD.SRC.E1 Source Capabilities sent timely
|
PASS
|
7
|
TD.PD.SRC.E2
|
TD.PD.SRC.E2 Source Capabilities Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
8
|
TD.PD.SRC.E3
|
TD.PD.SRC.E3 SourceCapabilityTimer Timeout
|
PASS
|
9
|
TD.PD.SRC.E4
|
TD.PD.SRC.E4 SenderResponseTimer Deadline Request
|
PASS
|
10
|
TD.PD.SRC.E5
|
TD.PD.SRC.E5 SenderResponseTimer Timeout Request
|
PASS
|
11
|
TD.PD.SRC.E6
|
TD.PD.SRC.E6 PSHardResetTimer Timeout
|
PASS
|
12
|
TD.PD.SRC.E7
|
TD.PD.SRC.E7 Accept sent timely
|
PASS
|
13
|
TD.PD.SRC.E8
|
TD.PD.SRC.E8 Accept Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
14
|
TD.PD.SRC.E9
|
TD.PD.SRC.E9 PS RDY sent timely
|
PASS
|
15
|
TD.PD.SRC.E10
|
TD.PD.SRC.E10 PS RDY Fields Checks
|
PASS
|
16
|
TD.PD.SRC.E11
|
TD.PD.SRC.E11 Accept Requests can be met
|
PASS
|
17
|
TD.PD.SRC.E12
|
TD.PD.SRC.E12 Reject Requests cannot be met
|
PASS
|
18
|
TD.PD.SRC.E13
|
TD.PD.SRC.E13 Reject Request Invalid Object Position
|
PASS
|
19
|
TD.PD.SRC.E14
|
TD.PD.SRC.E14 Atomic Message Sequence
|
PASS
|
20
|
TD.PD.SRC.E15
|
TD.PD.SRC.E15 Give Source Cap
|
PASS
|
21
|
TD.PD.SRC.E16
|
TD.PD.SRC.E16 PDO Transition
|
PASS
|
22
|
TD.PD.VDMD.E1
|
TD.PD.VDMD.E1 tVDMSenderResponse Deadline Discover Identity
|
NA
|
23
|
TD.PD.VDMD.E2
|
TD.PD.VDMD.E2 tVDMSenderResponse Timeout Discover Identity
|
NA
|
24
|
TD.PD.VDMD.E3
|
TD.PD.VDMD.E3 Incorrect Fields Discover Identity
|
PASS
|
25
|
TD.PD.VDMD.E4
|
TD.PD.VDMD.E4 Applicability
|
PASS
|
26
|
TD.PD.VNDI.E4
|
TD.PD.VNDI.E4 SOP Handling
|
INCOMPLETE
|
27
|
TD.PD.VNDI.E5
|
TD.PD.VNDI.E5 Source Capabilities
|
INCOMPLETE
|
28
|
TD.PD.PHY.E1
|
TD.PD.PHY.E1 BIST Test Data
|
PASS
|
31
|
TD.PD.PHY.E4
|
TD.PD.PHY.E4 Transmitter Bit Rate and Bit Rate Drift
|
PASS
|
33
|
TD.PD.PHY.E6
|
TD.PD.PHY.E6 Receiver Swing Tolerance
|
PASS
|
34
|
TD.PD.PHY.E7
|
TD.PD.PHY.E7 Receiver Bit Rate Tolerance
|
PASS
|
35
|
TD.PD.PHY.E8
|
TD.PD.PHY.E8 Receiver Bit Rate Deviation Tolerance
|
PASS
|
36
|
TD.PD.PHY.E9
|
TD.PD.PHY.E9 Valid SOP Framing
|
PASS
|
37
|
TD.PD.PHY.E10
|
TD.PD.PHY.E10 Invalid SOP Framing
|
PASS
|
38
|
TD.PD.PHY.E11
|
TD.PD.PHY.E11 Valid SOP P Framing
|
PASS
|
39
|
TD.PD.PHY.E12
|
TD.PD.PHY.E12 Invalid SOP P Framing
|
PASS
|
40
|
TD.PD.PHY.E13
|
TD.PD.PHY.E13 Valid SOP PP Framing
|
PASS
|
41
|
TD.PD.PHY.E14
|
TD.PD.PHY.E14 Invalid SOP PP Framing
|
PASS
|
42
|
TD.PD.PHY.E15
|
TD.PD.PHY.E15 SOP P_Debug SOP PP Debug Framing
|
PASS
|
43
|
TD.PD.PHY.E16
|
TD.PD.PHY.E16 Valid Hard Reset Framing
|
PASS
|
44
|
TD.PD.PHY.E17
|
TD.PD.PHY.E17 Invalid Hard Reset Framing
|
PASS
|
45
|
TD.PD.PHY.E18
|
TD.PD.PHY.E18 Valid Cable Reset Framing
|
PASS
|
46
|
TD.PD.PHY.E19
|
TD.PD.PHY.E19 Invalid Cable Reset Framing
|
PASS
|
47
|
TD.PD.PHY.E20
|
TD.PD.PHY.E20 EOP Framing
|
PASS
|
48
|
TD.PD.PHY.E21
|
TD.PD.PHY.E21 Preamble
|
PASS
|
PD2 Communication Engine Tests- Result Summary
Sl No
|
Test ID
|
Test Name
|
Test Result
|
|---|---|---|---|
1
|
TDA.2.1.1.1
|
TDA.2.1.1.1 BMC PHY TX EYE
|
PASS
|
2
|
TDA.2.1.1.2
|
TDA.2.1.1.2 BMC PHY TX BIT
|
PASS
|
3
|
TDA.2.1.2.2
|
TDA.2.1.2.2 BMC PHY RX INT REJ
|
PASS
|
4
|
TDA.2.1.2.1
|
TDA.2.1.2.1 BMC PHY RX BUSIDL
|
PASS
|
5
|
TDA.2.1.3.1
|
TDA.2.1.3.1 BMC PHY TERM
|
PASS
|
6
|
TDA.2.1.3.2
|
TDA.2.1.3.2 BMC PHY MSG
|
PASS
|
7
|
TDA.2.2.1
|
TDA.2.2.1 BMC PROT SEQ GETCAPS
|
PASS
|
8
|
TDA.2.2.2.1
|
TDA.2.2.2.1 BMC PROT SEQ CHKCAB P PC
|
FAIL
|
9
|
TDA.2.2.2.2
|
TDA.2.2.2.2 BMC PROT SEQ CHKCAP NOMARK P PC
|
PASS
|
13
|
TDA.2.2.7
|
TDA.2.2.7 BMC PROT BIST NOT 5V SRC
|
PASS
|
15
|
TDA.2.2.9
|
TDA.2.2.9 BMC PROT GSC REC
|
PASS
|
16
|
TDA.2.3.1.1
|
TDA.2.3.1.1 POW SRC LOAD P PC
|
FAIL
|
17
|
TDA.2.3.2.1
|
TDA.2.3.2.1 POW SRC TRANS P PC
|
PASS
|
